On June 29th, the Comprehensive Department of the National Energy Administration issued a letter soliciting opinions on the "25 Key Requirements for Preventing Electricity Production Accidents (2022 Edition) (Draft for Comments)". Among them, requirements have been put forward for electrochemical energy storage power stations.
The specific requirements for preventing fire accidents in electrochemical energy storage power plants are as follows:
2.12.1 The site of electrochemical energy storage power stations should not be located adjacent to or in places where flammable and explosive hazardous materials are produced, stored, or operated. They should not be located in places with dust or corrosive gases, and should not be placed in important power facility protection areas.
Large and medium-sized electrochemical energy storage power stations shall not use ternary lithium batteries or sodium sulfur batteries, and shall not use power batteries for cascading utilization; When selecting power batteries for cascading utilization, consistency screening should be conducted and safety assessments should be conducted in conjunction with traceability data.
2.12.2 Lithium ion battery equipment rooms shall not be located in densely populated areas, inside buildings with people living or moving, or in their underground spaces. The lithium-ion battery equipment room should be arranged in a single layer and should adopt a prefabricated compartment type. In the station type lithium-ion battery equipment room, the battery capacity of a single fire compartment should not exceed 6MW · h; When exceeding 6MW · h, a fixed automatic fire extinguishing system should be installed indoors, and the fire extinguishing effect and technical parameters of the system should comply with the provisions of 2.12.6 of this document.
2.12.3 The circuit of the energy storage battery unit should be equipped with DC circuit breakers and other disconnecting devices, and the battery cluster should be equipped with cluster level circuit breakers. The battery management system should have electric quantity protection functions such as overvoltage, undervoltage, differential pressure, overcurrent, and non electric quantity protection functions such as over temperature, temperature difference, and gas. It should be able to issue graded alarm signals or trip instructions to achieve on-site fault isolation.
2.12.4 Combustible gas detection devices should be installed in the lithium-ion battery equipment room. When the concentration of H2 or CO exceeds 50 × 10-6 (volume ratio), the cabin level and cluster level circuit breakers should be interlocked and disconnected, and the ventilation system and alarm device should be interlocked and activated.
Combustible gas detection devices should be installed in the lead-acid/lead carbon and liquid flow battery room, and the ventilation system and alarm device should be interlocked and activated.
2.12.5 Explosion proof ventilation systems should be installed in lithium-ion battery equipment rooms, with at least one exhaust outlet located above and below. The total exhaust volume per minute should not be less than the volume of the equipment room (which can be calculated based on the net space after deducting the volume of batteries and other equipment). The positions of the inlet and outlet should be reasonably set, and air short circuits are strictly prohibited. The ventilation system should be in normal operation.
2.12.6 An automatic fire alarm system should be installed in the electrical equipment room of the electrochemical energy storage power station. A fixed automatic fire extinguishing system should be installed in the battery equipment room of the new (renovated and expanded) large-scale lithium-ion battery energy storage power station; The fire extinguishing system should meet the requirements of extinguishing module level battery open flames and not reigniting for 24 hours. Technical parameters such as system type, flow rate, and pressure should be verified through module level battery physical fire simulation tests conducted by nationally authorized institutions.
2.12.7 Equipment rooms, partitions, battery racks, partitions, and other pipeline openings and cable entrances and exits of electrochemical energy storage power stations should be tightly sealed with fireproof sealing materials. The ventilation openings, holes, doors, cable trenches, and other parts of the equipment room (cabin) that are connected to the outside should be equipped with facilities to prevent rain, snow, sand, and small animals from entering.
2.12.8 The operation and maintenance unit of electrochemical energy storage power stations should develop operating procedures for fire protection facilities, conduct regular maintenance, and conduct comprehensive inspections at least once a year to ensure that fire protection facilities are in normal working condition. Before operation, the operation and maintenance unit should prepare emergency plans for possible battery thermal runaway, fire and other emergency situations, establish a collaborative mechanism with local fire rescue agencies, and conduct regular drills. Operations and maintenance personnel must undergo fire safety training and be qualified before they can take up their posts.